Resistance to Europe is inseparable from a concern for sovereignty and from Euroscepticism. The indifference of some citizens to European integration is also significant, even though its definition and measurement are difficult. However, is emotional identification essential to the legitimization of the European Union? As Norbert Elias? description of state and nation clearly shows, there is often a lag between the emergence of a political entity and the development of a sense of membership of that community. This subjective integration is not primarily based on self-interest or opposition to others. In the modern era, democratization is in fact also producing national and postnational identities.