The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of a causal relationship between the presence and relevance of ethnic parties in six Latin American countries (Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Peru) and the favorable conditions described in various subfields of the literature on collective action, including the structure of political opportunities, the range of collective actions, cognitive frameworks, and the structures of networks of organizations. With this in mind, we conducted a multi-causal qualitative analysis based on specific cases and variables (N = 6), using Boolean logic to systematically simplify the structures of complex data. The objective was to identify the variety of causes that produce a phenomenon, in this case, the presence and success of ethnic parties in Bolivia, Ecuador and Nicaragua but not in Guatemala, Mexico, or Peru.