Few studies of federalism have given any significant consideration to the capital cities of the federal states. This paper presents the various criteria that provide the basis for our analysis. Depending on their status within the federation (federal district, city-state, or capital in a federated state), we can study the autonomy of the capitals, whether financial or more generally in terms of their powers. It is also possible to distinguish the existence of a representation (or lack thereof) at the federal level. Finally, we consider the choice of their location. Using this analytical structure, we discuss and compare how, within these capitals, a balance is achieved between federal and local interests.