Views and Uses of the "Far Right" Label in Italy

Multiple Perspectives on the Far-Right in Europe
Toward a Relational, Non-Essentialist Analysis of the "Far Right" Label
By Stéphanie Dechezelles
English

The labels "right-wing" and "extremist" are as widely used as they are subjective and hence likely to lead to disagreements. In Italy, applying the noun "right" (destra) has been enough to designate and stigmatize the right of fascist descent since 1945. However, the rise to power in 1994 and 2001 of allies of Silvio Berlusconi, Alleanza Nazionale and Lega Nord, both of which are positioned on the far right despite their disparate underlying ideologies and the divided positioning of their activists on the left-right scale, calls into question the logic behind this taxonomy and in particular behind the "far right" label. The term becomes problematic when it is used to refer to an essentialist or homogenous category. It is therefore worth placing it in a synchronic context seen from a remotely diachronic perspective. This two-fold operation reveals the unstable and mobile nature of the label, which sometimes constitutes an asset and at other times a constraint in the interplay of labels between actors. The paper focuses in particular on the young activists of Alleanza Nazionale and Lega Nord in order to highlight the various phenomena of transfers and defections operating from the one, as part of a phase of institutionalization and respectability, to the other, which is engaged in a radical discourse of xenophobia and moral order.

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