The performance of pro-autonomy parties in the 2009 European elections confirmed the downward electoral cycle of party groupings at the European level. Although some pro-autonomy parties managed to recover from the broad defeat they suffered in 2004, they did not approximate the scores they achieved in 1999, when they managed to elect 22 MEPs (or 3.6% of all 626 MEPs). Thus, a general trend can be discerned for these parties–“just as for other party families in these European elections–“as the decline of the social-democrats and the success of the center-right, the far-right, and Eurosceptics (see other papers in this issue). However, there are also exceptions to this downward trend, such as the SNP and the Lega Nord. This paper first describes the electoral performance of the pro-autonomy party grouping at both the aggregate and regional levels. We start with a descriptive region-by-region analysis of the election results for pro-autonomy parties in the 2009 European elections. We then test some hypotheses and explain this quasi-general downturn. Finally, we examine the strategies of representation of pro-autonomy parties in the European Parliament in different parliamentary groupings, and we show how they affect the operations of the pro-autonomy "Europarty," the European Free Alliance.