All emerging countries experienced a transition from a model of economic development managed by the State and focused on the domestic economy to a model that places greater emphasis on the market and on opening up to foreign trade and investment. However, the role of the State has not disappeared as it continues to play the leading role in the economic emergence of these countries. Their success can only be explained by the special role traditionally played by the State in these countries, above all in Asia and, to a lesser degree, in Latin America.